University of Massachusetts at Boston

College of Advancing & Professional Studies

Critical and Creative Thinking Program

Action Research for Educational, Professional, and Personal Change

CrCrTh 693

Course description

This course covers techniques for and critical thinking about the evaluation of changes in educational practices and policies in schools, organizations, and informal contexts. Topics include quantitative and qualitative methods for design and analysis, participatory design of practices and policies in a framework of action research, institutional learning, the wider reception or discounting of evaluations, and selected case studies, including those arising from semester-long student projects.

Spring 2016 Syllabus, Taylor (hybrid section)


Components of the syllabus:

I. Quick access to key information and links that should be bookmarked on your browser
followed by
II. Information to get started, orient yourself, and refer back to from time to time.
III. Contract: What is expected overall.
IV. Schedule of classes: What is expected each session and why -- how each session contributes to the unfolding of the course (starting with list of links to specific sessions).
POST-IT the start of each component in your printed version of this syllabus

Instructor
Peter Taylor, Critical & Creative Thinking Program
Email:
peter.taylor@umb.edu
Phone
617-287-7636
Office
Wheatley 4th floor, room 170
Office hours (at http://bit.ly/peter_taylorhangout or in office):
Tuesday 2.00-3.40pm, Wednesday 7-8pm, Sign up at ptaylor.wikispaces.umb.edu/PTOfficeHours, or by arrangement
Class time & location
Tuesdays 4-6.45pm, 2/2-5/3; W 4-170 or by Hangout
URL for hangouts
http://bit.ly/693hangout (except for work-in-progress presentation sessions)
Report glitches in online materials
using this form
BOOKMARK THIS! Syllabus
crcrth693.wikispaces.umb.edu, with a menu of useful links at the top right
BOOKMARK THIS! Personal checklist
crcrth693.wikispaces.umb.edu/-/693checklist/xx
where xx = your last name in lower case, no hyphens or spaces). Each checklist wikipage has links that provide Notes on each assignment and Examples of previous students' work.


II. Information to get started, orient yourself, and refer back to from time to time

The starting point for this course: Suppose you have an interest in one or more issues that you might delve into and promote change on in an Educational, Professional, or Personal area -> Question: If you have good ideas about how to make changes, how do you get others to adopt and/or adapt them or to collaborate with you to develop the ideas?
Video introduction

POINTERS about the preparation assumed for this course (in lieu of formal prerequisites):

OVERVIEW: The preceding question captures the central motivation for the course in the CCT curriculum. This question can also be expressed as: "How do you build a constituency around your idea? This concern can lead you into evaluating how good the ideas actually are (with respect to some defined objectives) so you can demonstrate this to others. It can also lead you to work with others to develop the idea so it becomes theirs as well and thus something they're invested in. Action Research, in the "Cycles & Epicycles" framework taught in this course, involves group facilitation, participatory planning, and reflective practice, as well as systematic evaluation. Students from a variety of programs should find this course a suitable vehicle to enhance your interests in educational, professional, or personal change.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the semester, you will have:

TEXTS and MATERIALS
Required: Schmuck, R. (either 1997 or 2006). Practical Action Research for Change. Arlington Heights, IL: Skylight. (Used copies of old editions may be available via amazon.com)
Recommended: Taylor, P. and J. Szteiter (2012) Taking Yourself Seriously: Processes of Research and Engagement Arlington, MA: The Pumping Station (Available from online retailers or as pdf from http://thepumpingstation.org)
Online guidesheets duplicate pages in the text, so you can choose not to buy the text. If you buy the printed or pdf text you can refer to that instead of reading the guidesheets online and you have a reference work to consult after the course.

Recommended
(See also Conlin; Elbow; Kanar; Perelman, et al.)

Readings for the course consist primarily of individual articles and book chapters, most of which can be downloaded from password-protected page)

TECHNICAL SET-UP
Know your official @umb.edu student email address and password; Make the bookmarks in sect. I on your browser; Simple edits on wikipages (optional); Set up access to online bibliographic databases; Arrange bibliographic software for references; Inform instructor of preferred email address;
f2f students: Get UMB wifi on laptop if you have one & bring to sessions where noted in the Preparation section;
online students: Prepare for meetings on hangout, including practicing screenshare (see http://bit.ly/hangoutbrief); establish reliable, undistracted access to the internet for class sessions (with ethernet connection to wifi modem unless absolutely impossible)

WRITING SUPPORT: For graduate students, see http://cct.wikispaces.umb.edu/writingsupport.

ACCOMMODATIONS: Sections 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 offer guidelines for curriculum modifications and adaptations for students with documented disabilities. If applicable, students may obtain adaptation recommendations from the Ross Center (287-7430). The student must present these recommendations to each professor within a reasonable period, preferably by the end of the Drop/Add period.

CODE OF CONDUCT: The University’s Student Code of Conduct (http://www.umb.edu/life_on_campus/policies/code, https://www.umb.edu/life_on_campus/policies/community/code) exists to maintain and protect an environment conducive to learning. It sets clear standards of respect for members of the University community and their property, as well as laying out the procedures for addressing unacceptable conduct. Students can expect faculty members and the Office of the Dean of Students to look after the welfare of the University community and, at the same time, to take an educational approach in which students violating the Code might learn from their mistakes and understand how their behavior affects others.

PLAGIARISM: Using another person's ideas or material you did not write without citing the source is plagiarism and is unacceptable (see library guide and Academic Honesty policies).

Students are advised to retain a copy of this syllabus in personal files for use when applying for certification, licensure, or transfer credit.

This syllabus is subject to change, but workload expectations will not be increased after the semester starts. (Version 31 May 2016; changes after the start of the semester are marked in red)
III. Contract: What is expected overall


Written A. Action Research written assignments and work-in-progress presentations (2/3 of grade)

Project = Design and report on (1500-2500 words) an Action Research Process related to an action or intervention in a specific classroom, workplace or personal teaching/learning practice, an educational policy, an educational institution, or a social policy. Your design should include all the aspects of the Action Research Cycles and Epicycles, including:
Carrying out the design is applauded, but not required. If you carry out the design (or some of it), you should report both on what you have actually done and how you would proceed differently if you were to do it over. It is important that you do not let implementing your action/intervention eclipse attention to designing the other aspects of the Action Research.
The project is developed through a sequence of assignments:
For doctoral students, each assignment should include an annotated bibliography entry that positions the assignment and the approach in this course in relation to the wider field of Action Research.

Participation and contribution to the class process (1/3 of grade)

B. Building learning community through
C. Summaries of readings for sessions 9, 10, and 12 posted on session wikipage (=3 items)
D. Personal/Professional Development (PD) Workbook compiled throughout the semester (7 items), including:
E. Minimum of two in-office or phone conferences on your assignments, PD workbook, personal wikipage, and project -- one before session 6; the other by session 10 (=2 items)
F. Peer commentary on your buddy's work in each 4-week period and on another student's draft report (=4 items)

Students should aim for all writing and presentation assignments submitted on the due date and 5 OK/RNR (=OK/ Reflection-revision-resubmission Not Requested), including the complete report, as well as 27 participation items fulfilled.
If you reach or exceed this target for both parts of the course grade, you get 80 points (which gives you an automatic B+) and the following rubric is used to add further points.

IV. Schedule of classes: What is expected each session and why -- how each session contributes to the unfolding of the course
1, Introduction to Action Research Cycles and Epicycles framework, 2/2
2, Introduction to Action Research Cycles and Epicycles, II , 2/9
3, Strategic Personal Planning, 2/16
4, Examining the background and evaluations of previous actions before pressing forward, 2/23
5, Formulating informative comparisons as a basis for evaluations, I, 3/1
6, Evaluations II & Constituency Building, 3/8
7, Work-in-progress presentations, I , 3/22
8, Reflection on your Experience as Novice Action Researchers, 3/29
9, Reflection on your Experience as Novice Action Researchers with the Considered Formulations from Other Sources, II , 4/5
10, Influences of Political Context on Evaluation and Educational Research, 4/12
11, Work-in-progress presentations, II, 4/19
12, Generating politics from below in relation to Educational and Action Research, 4/26
13, Taking stock of course & of change: Where have we come & where do we go from here?, 5/3


Session 1 Introduction to Action Research Cycles and Epicycles, I


Preparation:
Purchase course texts
View video introduction
Read introduction to the syllabus
Review original instructor's portfolio and past evaluations for the course
Get set up technologically, including practice using google+ hangout
Accept the invitation to join the wiki and inform the instructor
See 693LiveMakeup if you miss this session (or any other synchronous session)
See discussion post on each session's wikipage for additional instructions (if any) before starting this and each other session

Session:
Overview of course (from Course description through Learning Objectives in FrontMatter)
Freewriting and Think-Pair-Share on digesting the overview.
The framework of Action Research Cycles and Epicycles is introduced through a compressed example of Action Research performed by the class members during this session.
At the end, complete the Critical Incident Questionnaire on the experience of the compressed example of Action Research.

Follow-up:
Read and make notes on the Action Research Cycles and Epicycles framework, which you will need to revisit several times over the course of the semester to appreciate fully.
View Video guided tour of course materials and processes
Complete the Syllabus Quiz and submit the resulting file to the instructor.
Connect with your Buddy for the first of the 4-week periods.
Set up your PD workbook.
If you need help, post questions on the general discussion board for the course, or send them to the instructor. In particular, don't spend more than about 5 minutes confused by the wiki.
Sign up for your first conference with the instructor, due before session 6.
Look ahead to what preparation is needed for the next session.
Look ahead to what work is due in the next session. Remember that work due in a session should be submitted by time of the session. This means that you will always need to look ahead one week.

Session 2 Introduction to Action Research Cycles and Epicycles, II


Preparation:
Read Schmuck, 1997, p. vii-29; 2006, p. ix-29. Think about the relationship between his systematic treatment of the topic and your experience in session 1.
Read final projects by Alison P and one other alum of the course: Teryl Cartwright, Jan Coe, Alyssa Hinkell, Marie Levey-Pabst, John Quirk, Kathleen Thompson
Listen to a recorded interview with an alum of the course, Alison P, about her experience with the course (as a face-to-face student).
(Optional, but required for doctoral students) Read Noah Rubin's account of the pedagogy in this course.

Session:
Feedback on Critical Incident Questionnaire I.
Questions on Syllabus, course mechanics, uploading assignments to wikis and other technological competencies
Discussion on use of AR cycles & epicycles framework (guidesheet) to review and analyze final projects by alums of the course.
Focused Conversation on Action Research experience to date

Follow-up:
Review Focused Conversation, handout
Reading on Focused Conversations: Stanfield, 6-29; (optional) Nelson, Focused Conversation for Schools
Look ahead to what work is due in the next session.

Work due this session:
B2. Syllabus quiz (emailed to instructor, with 693assignment in subject line)

Session 3 Strategic Personal Planning

applied to initial formulation of a course action research design project so it incorporates your wider personal and life concerns (and thus recruits you firmly into your constituency)

Preparation:
Read Spencer, chaps. 5 & 7, Weissglass, "Constructivist Listening,"
Review Project reports from previous semesters (via wikipage)
For a preview of clustering and naming of clusters (which is part of Strategic planning), peruse vision charts, but note that these are from the course as a whole, not from individuals.
(Online students) Sign up for https://stormboard.com/, learnhow to post Post-Its on it, and practice screensharing your stormboard (so the instructor can view and discuss it with you).

Session:
Supportive Listening (a variant of constructivist listening) with buddy on one's hopes/fears/ideas/questions re: educational, professional, and/or personal change
Strategic personal planning workshop (underlying the educational/organizational/personal change you want to facilitate/promote)
In-Session drafting of initial description of AR design project (specifications)

Follow-up:
Supplementary guidelines for Strategic Personal Planning
(for those interested in Strategic Participatory Planning, of which Strategic Personal Planning is a variant) Materials from ICA Facilitators Manual, CEDAC, Our Economy, Taylor, "Epilogue," 204-210, Schmuck on "cooperative" action research
Look ahead to what work is due in the next session.

Work due this session:
*A* Asmt. A1: 1st Reflection on your Experience as Novice Action Researchers in relation to the Considered Formulations from Other Sources (in this case, the prescribed readings so far from Schmuck)

Session 4 Examining the background and evaluations of previous actions before pressing forward

using tools and interactions with others to open up problems and focus in on needed inquiry

Preparation:
Read Entin, "Reflective Practitioner," Greenwald, "Learning from Problems."

Session:
Use of KAQ framework:

Follow-up:
Look ahead to what work is due in the next session.

Work due this session:
*A* Asmt. A2: Initial Paragraph Overview of Project

Session 5 Formulating informative comparisons as a basis for evaluations, I


Preparation:
Arrange new buddy for the next 4-week period
Read Goode article on the effects of a smoking ban; Overview of relationship of evaluation to facilitation of change; Guide to the Evaluation clock
(Optional for hybrid session) Listen to audio recording on using the Comparison steps (2-4) of the evaluation clock

Session:
Use of the Comparison steps (2-4) of the evaluation clock to

Follow-up:
Re-read guide to the Evaluation clock
Look ahead to what work is due in the next session.

Work due this session:
*A* Asmt. A3: KAQF assignment

Session 6 Evaluations II & Constituency Building


Preparation:
Topic for buddy check-in: Using the comparison steps (2-4) in the evaluation clock to design evaluation as part of your project (Asmt. 4a)
Reading: Teryl Cartwright's project report for a review of approaches to Constituency building and Mike Wienke's Constituency-building funnel
(Optional for hybrid section) Listen to recording of mini-lecture, to accompany text on statistical formulations of comparisons and background assumptions
(Optional for hybrid section) Watch video of mini-lecture on constituency building and facilitation

Session:
(Hybrid section only) Mini-lecture on statistical thinking, comparisons and background assumptions
Constituency building: An introduction to facilitation
Peer coaching on Evaluation clock assignment and its extension to students' Projects, wiki use, KAQF, and PD workbooks.

Follow-up:
Review Facilitation Notes (in readings) to stimulate your thinking about developing skills in that area beyond what is introduced in this course
Schedule second conference by session 10 to discuss your projects and use of evaluation clock
Look ahead to what work is due in the next session.

Work due this session:
A Asmt. A4a. Use the "stripped-down" version of the evaluation clock (comparison steps 0 to 5) design evaluation as part of your project
E1. First conference must be completed before session 6 to discuss your Action Research ideas, the course thus far, and your PD workbook (which you commenced working on after session 1; see D1.)
D2. Submit worksheet on PD workbook and research organization (you can use the template document: crcrth693-PDworksheet-D2.doc)
D4. You should have at least two annotated web-"Clippings" on Clippings Page by this point in semester.

There is no spring break for this course.

Session 7 Work-in-progress presentations, I


Preparation:
Work-in-progress Presentation I on Project; post working title as discussion post; prepare visual aids and hide as many toolbars as possible; (students from a distance only) practice using screenshare on google+ hangout; (f2f students only: rename as usual before emailing to instructor)
Note that this session does not use the regular hangout address

Session:
Visit hangout page to click on hangout URL for this session.
Work-in-progress Presentations on Project
Plus-Delta feedback on each presentation (on paper [f2f students] or via online form)

Follow-up:
Look ahead to what work is due in the next session.

Work due this session:
*A* Asmt. A5a, initial: Work-in-progress Presentation I on Project and A5b. Notes on Research and Planning for Student Projects

Session 8 Reflection on your Experience as Novice Action Researchers with the Considered Formulations from Other Sources, I


Preparation:
Read Schmuck, pages 29-146, Weiss, chapter 1, and (optional) Weiss, chapters 2 &4.
Preview Small group work roles.
(Optional for hybrid section) Video on work in heterogeneous groups (up to 7:40): http://vimeo.com/16218630 (password-access)

Session:
(Hybrid section only) Video on work in heterogeneous groups (up to 7:40): http://vimeo.com/16218630
Small group work on two activities: a) lessons about cooperative work and b) comparison of frameworks for Action Research: Cycles and Epicycles vs. Schmuck's Co-operative Action research.
Critical Incident Questionnaire II on whole course to date (not on this particular session)

Follow-up:
Review if needed: video on work in heterogeneous groups: http://vimeo.com/16218630
Discussion post on this wikipage of your own synthesis from session activity a) and your own comparison from activity b).
(optional) Read other accounts of Action Research: Madison Metropolitan School District, "Classroom action research," Spina, "Six key principles," Winter, Learning from Experience
Look ahead to what work is due in the next session.

Work due this session:
*A* Asmt. A4b due: Use the full evaluation clock to design the evaluation part of your project.

Session 9 Reflection on your Experience as Novice Action Researchers with the Considered Formulations from Other Sources, II


Preparation:
Arrange new buddy for the next 4-week period
Read at least three from Hitchcock & Hughes, Chap. 3, "Access, ethics, and objectivity," Chapter 5, "Designing, planning and evaluating Research"; Greenwood & Levin, Chaps. 8 & 11, "Action research cases," & "Action science and organizational learning"; Rokovich, et al., "Implementing change"; Jenkins, "Action learning"; CEDAC, Our Economy; Greenwald, Learning from problems, Madison Metropolitan School District, "Classroom action research" (and linked pages), Penuel et al., " Organizing Research and Development," study of CIT, Rubin's account of the pedagogy in this course
Submit summaries for one reading to the discussion post for this session.
Read guidelines for dialogue process.
Read Feedback on Critical Incident Questionnaire II

Session:
Dialogue "Hour" session on our thinking and experience and questions about action research in contrast to conventional research, drawing on readings and including issues about a) ethics of research and b) people’s engagement in the situations being researched (a.k.a. Participatory Action Research or PAR).

Follow-up:
Look ahead to what work is due in the next session.

Work due this session:
Participation Item C. Summary of one reading submitted to the discussion post for this session.

Session 10 Influences of Political Context on Evaluation and Educational Research

Although it is not expected that your projects tackle the larger political context of making changes in education (broadly construed) or draw on sophisticated theories about evaluation and educational change, this Session put these areas on your maps.

Preparation:
Read at least one of:
Woodhead, "When psychology informs public policy,"
Hunt, "The dilemma in the classroom: a cross-sectional survey measures the effects of segregated schooling,"
Metcalf, "Reading between the lines."
Muir, "Science rules OK: running societies the rational way,"
Rokovich, "Implementing change at SJUSD: an unfinished case study"
Submit summary for one reading to the discussion post for this session.

Session:
"Jigsaw" digestion and discussion of readings, with special attention to the ways that politics shapes educational research and evaluation studies at the stages of: origins and design of the research; the implementation; the interpretation of results; and their dissemination or application.

Follow-up:
Look ahead to what work is due in the next session.

Work due this session:
*A* Asmt. A6: Narrative Outline for Project Report
E2. Second conference with instructor on your assignments and projects, before Session 10.
Participation Item C. Summary of one reading submitted to the discussion post for this session.

Session 11 Work-in-progress presentations, II

(taking into account comments on previous presentation & notes on research & planning)

Preparation:
Work-in-progress Presentation I on Project; post working title on discussion post for the session; prepare visual aids and hide as many toolbars as possible; (f2f students only: rename as usual before emailing to instructor)
Note that this session does not use the regular hangout address

Session:
Visit hangout page to click on hangout URL for this session.
Work-in-progress Presentations on Project
Plus-Delta feedback on each presentation (on paper [f2f students] or via online form)

Follow-up:
Look ahead to what work is due in the next session.

Work due this session:
*A* Asmt. A5a, updated: Work-in-progress Presentation I on Project and A5b. Notes on Research and Planning for Student Projects

Session 12 Generating politics from below in relation to Educational and Action Research


Preparation:
Read at least two of:
Carr & Kemmis, Becoming Critical, CEDAC, Our Economy, Couto, " The promise," Greenwood, "Action science and organizational learning," Taylor, "Epilogue," McLeod, et al., "Changing how we work," Senge et al., "Fostering communities"
Submit summary for one reading to the discussion post for this session.
Review Facilitation Notes (in readings) to stimulate your thinking about the role of structured facilitation in generating politics from below
(Optional for hybrid section) Video segment on Myles Horton and the Highlander Center, a longterm source of educational and social change: http://vimeo.com/16215282 (password-access)

Session:
(Hybrid section only) Video segment on Myles Horton and the Highlander Center, a longterm source of educational and social change: http://vimeo.com/16215282
Dialogue Process session (using the Five-phase format) on "Generating politics from below in relation to Educational and Action Research," including Participatory Action Research, theory in relation to action (incl. reflective practice), and structured facilitation

Follow-up:
Look ahead to what work is due in the next session.

Work due this session:
*A* Asmt. A7: Complete Draft of Design Project (on peer share wikipage as well as your 693checklist wikipage)
Participation Item C. Summary of one reading submitted to the discussion post for this session.

Session 13 Taking stock of course & of change: Where have we come & where do we go from here?


Preparation:
Read Cashin, "Student ratings of teaching"
Review samples from previous years
Read: Tuecke, "Creating a wall of wonder," Rubin on the pedagogy in this course

Session:
Selected taking stock activity, either Historical Scan (aka Wall of Wonder) or Process Review or Practical Vision of Future Personal and Professional Development or Sense of Place Map (Sense of Place Map)
Based on reading of Rubin, you will do one of the two activities described here.
Followed by official Course Evaluation (based on this format) that starts with a self-evaluation (administered by survey gizmo).

Follow-up:
Review previous semesters' evaluations
Read excerpts (TBA) from Stanfield, Courage to Learn, Stanfield, The Workshop Book

Work due this session:
*A* D3. PD workbook (on wiki) for perusal, including D5. Process review.
*A* F. Make comments on draft design project of another student (not necessarily your buddy); upload comments back to the peershare wikipage and email the author that you have done so.


One week after session 13

Work due:
*A* Asmt. A7 revised: Final Project report



V. Bibliography
(readings [except those marked not PPR] online using Wiki for course materials, [password-protected page])

Backer, T., J. Chang, A. Crawford, T. Ferraguto, D. Tioseco and N. Woodson (2002). "Case study and analysis: The Center for the Improvement of Teaching, University of Massachusetts, Boston."
Brookfield, S. D. (1995). Becoming a Critically Reflective Teacher. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers # (not PPR)
Calhoun, E. F. (1994). How to Use Action Research in the Self-Renewing School. Alexandria, VA: ASCD. (not PPR)
Carr, W. and S. Kemmis (1986). Becoming Critical: Education, Knowledge and Action Research. Geelong: Deakin University Press., chapters 6 & 7 (up to p. 200)
Cashin, W. E. (1995) "Student Ratings of Teaching: The Research Revisited." IDEA Paper No. 32
CEDAC (Community Economic Development Advisory Committee) (1995). Our Economy: Our Future, Final Report. York, Ontario: City of York.
Conlin, M. L. (2002). "The basics of writing: Process and strategies," in Patterns Plus: A Short Prose Reader with Argumentation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1-11. ##
Couto, R. A. (2001). "The promise of a scholarship of engagement." The Academic Workplace 12(2): 4, 6; http://www.nerche.org/images/stories/publications/The_Academic_Workplace_-_Vol._12_No._2_Spring_2001.pdf (viewed 8 July '10)
Daniel, D., C. Fauske, P. Galeno and D. Mael (2001). Take Charge of Your Writing: Discovering Writing Through Self-Assessment. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.## (not PPR)
Elbow, P. (1981). Writing with Power. New York: Oxford Univ. Press ## (not PPR)
Entin, D. (2001). "Review of The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action." The Academic Workplace 12(2): 13, 18; http://www.nerche.org/images/stories/publications/The_Academic_Workplace_-_Vol._12_No._2_Spring_2001.pdf (viewed 8 July '10)
Greenwald, N. (2000). "Learning from Problems." The Science Teacher 67(April): 28-32.
Greenwald, N. (2000). Science in Progress: Challenges in Problem-based Learning for Secondary Schools # (not PPR)
Greenwood, D. J. and M. Levin (1998). Introduction To Action Research: Social Research For Social Change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (pp. 187-202 on PPR)
Hitchcock, G. and D. Hughes (1995). Research and the Teacher: A Qualitative Introduction to School-based Research. New York: Routledge.(pp. 39-58 on PPR; pp. 77-112 on PPR)
Hunt, M. (1985). "The dilemma in the classroom: A cross-sectional survey measures the effects of segregated schooling," in Profiles of Social Research: The Scientific Study of Human Interactions. New York: Russell Sage,51-97.
Institute of Cultural Affairs, n.d., Facilitators Manual (excerpts on Strategic Participatory Planning). Toronto: Canadian Institute of Cultural Affairs.
Isaacs W. (1999) Dialogue and the Art of Thinking Together. New York: Currency.# (not PPR)
Jenkins, M. (2000). "Action learning: Taking the time it takes." Paper presented to the International Association of Facilitators, Toronto, April 27 2000.
Kanar, C. (2002). "Improving your paragraph skills," in The Confident Writer. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 60-88.##
Madison Metropolitan School District (2001). "Classroom action research." http://oldweb.madison.k12.wi.us/sod/car/carhomepage.html viewed 8 July '10
Madison Metropolitan School District (2001). "Classroom action research starting points." http://oldweb.madison.k12.wi.us/sod/car/carstartingpoints.html viewed 8 July '10
McLeod, M., P. Senge and M. Wheatley (2001). "Changing how we work." Shambhala Sun(January): 29-33.
Metcalf, S. (2002). "Reading between the lines." The Nation(Jan. 28): 18-22.
Muir, Hazel. 2008. Science rules OK: Running societies the rational way. New Scientist (24 May):40-43.
Nelson, J. (2001). The Art of Focused Conversation for Schools. Toronto: Canadian Institute of Cultural Affairs. # (not PPR)
Penuel, W. R., B. J. Fishman, et al. (2011). "Organizing Research and Development at the Intersection of Learning, Implementation, and Design ." Educational Researcher 40(7): 331-337.
Perelman, L., J. Paradis, E. Barrett (n.d.) The Mayfield Handbook of Technical and Scientific Writing. http://www.mhhe.com/mayfieldpub/tsw/toc.htm##
Pietro, D. S. (Ed.) (1983). Evaluation Sourcebook. New York: American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service. # (not PPR)
Rokovich, M. A., M. Stevens and J. Stallman (2000). "Implementing change at SJUSD: An unfinished case study." Presented to the International Association of Facilitators, Toronto, April 27 2000.
Schmuck, R. (1997). Practical Action Research for Change. Arlington Heights, IL: Skylight. (not PPR)
Schuman, S., Ed. (2006). Creating a Culture of Collaboration: The International Association of Facilitators Handbook. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass (on reserve, plus excerpts PPR)
Schwab, M. G. (1989?) Participatory Research with Third Graders: An Exploratory Study of School Lunch.
Senge, P., N. Cambron-McCabe, T. Lucas, B. Smith, J. Dutton and A. Kleiner (2000). "Fostering communities that learn," in Schools That Learn. New York: Currency,459-465.
Spencer, L. J. (1989). Winning Through Participation. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt (Ch. 5; chap. 7)
Spina, S. U. (2002). "Six key principles of action research."
Stanfield, B. (Ed.) (1997). The Art of Focused Conversation. Toronto: Canadian Institute of Cultural Affairs. (pp. 6-29; pp.30-37
Stanfield, B. (2000). The Courage To Lead: Transform Self, Transform Society. Gabriola Island BC: New Society Publishers. # (not PPR)
Stanfield, B. (2002). The Workshop Book: From Individual Creativity to Group Action. Toronto: Canadian Institute of Cultural Affairs.# (not PPR)
Stark, J. S. and A. Thomas (Eds.) (1994). Assessment and Program Evaluation. Needham Heights, MA: Simon & Schuster. (#, in Healey stacks)
Taylor, P. J. (2005). "Epilogue," in Unruly Complexity: Ecology, Interpretation, Engagement. Chicago, University of Chicago Press: 203-213.
Taylor, P. and J. Szteiter (2011) Taking Yourself Seriously: Processes of Research and Engagement Arlington, MA: The Pumping Station
Tuecke, P. (2000). "Creating a wall of wonder with the TOP environmental scan." International Association of Facilitators, Toronto, Canada, April 27 - 30 (iaf-world.org/iaf2000/Tuecke.PDF).
Turabian, K. L. (1996). A Manual For Writers of Term papers, Theses, and Disertations. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press (not PPR; in Healey reference section)##
Weiss, C. H. (1998). Evaluation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.# (not PPR)
Weissglass, J. (1990). "Constructivist listening for empowerment and change." The Educational Forum 54(4): 351-370. (PPR)
Winter, R. (1989). Learning from Experience: Principles and Practice in Action Research London: Falmer.# (not PPR)
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